Dinosaur DNA Linked to Birds

Could you call T. Chicken Rex?

A new study using old fossil proteins retrieved from the 68-million-year-old femur (femur) of the Rex dinosaur has confirmed a long theory that birds are the closest living relatives of dinosaurs. This new study, conducted by researchers at Harvard University and Harvard Medical School, adds to the widely accepted theory that birds are the direct descendents of a particular group of dinosaurs - theobodies.

Molecular Guide of Dinosaurs / Birds Link

These results are the first molecular evidence to suggest that aves are the closest living organisms to dinosaurs. Previous controversial studies by Russian scientists have also linked dinosaurs to birds. In the previous research, the Russian team studied bone Triceratops fossils at the molecular level and concluded that their actions indicate that these old horned dinosaurs are closely related to ostriches. Although much of this previous work was attributed to the scientific community, this new study suggests that the Russians were on track.

The results of the American team will be published in an edition of the journal Science.

Study of fossil skeletons

A thorough examination of the skeletons of Theropod dinosaurs and birds reveals a number of similar anatomical features. In fact, you do not have to be a scientist to find evidence of this strong anatomical relationship between these two types of animals. A brief study of grilled chicken prepared for Sunday lunch will provide plenty of evidence - if you know what you're looking for on.

Breakthrough in Theropod rating

The new research follows a detailed study in 2007, according to scientists, that the partial retrieval and sequencing of the Tyrannosaurus Rex and Mastodon fossils (a type of elephants). Both animal fossils (typhoid dinosaurs) and tyarodone included the collection and examination of samples of collagen, the main component of protein in the bone.

In fact, collagen is the main protein found in the connective tissue of animals and the most common protein in mammals including ourselves - make up about 25% of all the proteins in our bodies.

In addition to providing more evidence to support the evolutionary relationship between dinosaurs and cytoplasm, the study of mastodon proteins helps provide information on the development of elephants and helps determine the strain of elephants present today.

Ternosor Rex proteins were extracted from the fibrous fibrous tissue preserved within the femur in the mastrhythmic phase, which is estimated at 68 million years. The discovery of potential protein information within the femur was reported in 2005.

The Mastudon remained much younger, dating back to the Pleistocene period and is believed to range from 160,000 to 600,000 years.

Using a variety of techniques, the research team compared the T. rex and Mastodon protein chains with chains of 21 existing animals including ostriches, chickens and crocodiles.

Comparison of protein chains

These comparisons are commonly used by biologists to build evolutionary "family trees", because similar protein structures are indicative of common gene structure.

But until very recently, protein sequences were not available to older organisms such as dinosaurs, because most fossils do not produce proteins or DNA. The problem with genetic analysis is that molecules like proteins and DNA tend to collapse rapidly after death. The conservation of these sensitive materials is extremely rare and controversial, despite the claims made by Michael Crichton, the author of the story of the Jurassic Park in which dinosaurs and pyroosaurs were transported to life by combining DNA and DNA extracted from blood-sucking debris Saved in amber.

Prove that DNA can survive for millions of years

Some scientists still believed that DNA could not last for more than 10,000 years unless tissue was preserved abnormally, such as rapid freezing, for example, in the case of Siberian mammoth.

Numerous attempts have been made to extract the DNA from insects trapped in the amber, and to return the story from Krishton's novel and scenes from Jurassic Park. There have been claims of success, but all attempts to replicate the tests proved inconclusive. In fact, many scientists claim that experiments may be contaminated with modern DNA, so the results are not valid.

Study of living species today

Molecular analysis of existing species (today's animals) revealed some amazing evolutionary relationships. For many years, regular mammals such as Armadillo were seen as the most primitive playgrounds, but the analysis of new molecular data suggests that insects such as hedgehogs may be the most primitive. The fossil evidence of both mammalian species was discovered in the Eosin deposits in Mesel, Germany. It is the molecular data of living representatives of these groups that indicate that insects are the most ancient breeds.

Rabbits are closely related to primates

Another important discovery of mammals using molecular analysis may be that heroes (such as rabbits and rabbits) may be closely related to primates. Previously, using only anatomical comparisons, this group of mammals were classified with rodents (mice, rats, squirrels and the like).

If molecular data becomes more widely available for dinosaurs, researchers can fill gaps and overcome possible errors in the current classification based on physical features.

Extract DNA from fossil residues

It remains to be seen whether small sequences of ancient fossils can be extracted with any regularity, experts say.

Skeptics still express their fears. Peggy Ostrom is a biologist at the University of Michigan in East Lansing and an expert on fossil proteins. She is one of many fossil scientists who are still very skeptical about the results of Teraxaurus Rex protein.

Many people have been skeptical about the results of T. rex protein, and are believed to have been suspended, because of the small size of isolated sequences so far.

If other fossilized bones are found containing the proteins then other evidence can be collected. It has also been observed that many of the modern results, including Mastodon, still date back to nearly half a million years ago, have largely pushed back the acceptable time limits for maintaining the protein molecule.

Jurassic Park Dinosaurs

In fact, evolutionary relationships between certain elements of the dinosaurs are still largely unclear. If biological information can be collected at the molecular level, this will lead to a more powerful dinosaur family tree, helping to fill branches and links lost due to the scarcity of dinosaur fossils.

Whatever further research results, scientists are still far from redesigning the Jurassic Park scenarios as described in Hollywood films.

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